{"id":5172,"date":"2012-06-15T17:01:18","date_gmt":"2012-06-15T16:01:18","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blogjam.name\/sid\/?page_id=5172"},"modified":"2013-04-19T15:31:56","modified_gmt":"2013-04-19T14:31:56","slug":"split","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"http:\/\/blogjam.name\/sid\/?page_id=5172","title":{"rendered":":Split:"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>A sound change which results in the increase in the number of <a href=\"http:\/\/blogjam.name\/sid\/?page_id=709\">phonemes <\/a>in a phonological system.  Splits tend to be complex affairs which proceed in stages.  The following simple example is hypothetical, but not implausible.  Suppose a language has long and short <a href=\"http:\/\/blogjam.name\/sid\/?page_id=158\">allophones <\/a>of its <a href=\"http:\/\/blogjam.name\/sid\/?page_id=578\">vowel <\/a>phonemes.  The <a href=\"http:\/\/blogjam.name\/sid\/?page_id=1633\">conditioning factor<\/a> is the position of the <a href=\"http:\/\/blogjam.name\/sid\/?page_id=1066\">syllable<\/a> in the word.  In final syllables vowels are long.  Elsewhere they are short.  Take two forms like: <\/strong> <span style=\"color: navy;\"><strong>\/bit\u0259\/<\/strong><\/span> and <\/strong> <span style=\"color: navy;\"><strong>\/bit\/<\/strong><\/span>.  These are phonetically <\/strong> <span style=\"color: navy;\"><strong>[bit\u0259]<\/strong><\/span> and <\/strong> <span style=\"color: navy;\"><strong>[bi\u02d0t]<\/strong><\/span>.  Now suppose that the language undergoes a change where final syllables are deleted.  The two phonetic forms would now be <\/strong> <span style=\"color: navy;\"><strong>[bit]<\/strong><\/span> and <\/strong> <span style=\"color: navy;\"><strong>[bi\u02d0t]<\/strong><\/span>. In effect the conditioning factor has disappeared and a new phoneme <\/strong> <span style=\"color: navy;\"><strong>\/i\u02d0\/<\/strong><\/span> has appeared.<\/p>\n<p>A reasonably simple example from the history of English involves the sounds <span style=\"color: navy;\"><strong>n<\/strong><\/span> and <span style=\"color: navy;\"><strong>\u014b<\/strong><\/span>.  It seems likely that these two sounds belonged to the same phoneme with <span style=\"color: navy;\"><strong>\u014b<\/strong><\/span> appearing before velar plosives and <span style=\"color: navy;\"><strong>n<\/strong><\/span> appearing elsewhere.  However, <em>some <\/em>accents dropped final <span style=\"color: navy;\"><strong>\u0261<\/strong><\/span> when it was preceded by <span style=\"color: navy;\"><strong>\u014b<\/strong><\/span>. Thus a pair of words like <em>sin <\/em>and <em>sing<\/em>, which used to be <span style=\"color: navy;\"><strong>s\u026an<\/strong><\/span> and <span style=\"color: navy;\"><strong>s\u026a\u014b\u0261<\/strong><\/span> became a <a href=\"http:\/\/blogjam.name\/sid\/?page_id=4125\">minimal pair<\/a> <span style=\"color: navy;\"><strong>s\u026an<\/strong><\/span>, <span style=\"color: navy;\"><strong>s\u026a\u014b<\/strong><\/span>, proving that the two sounds now belong to different phonemes in these accents.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A sound change which results in the increase in the number of phonemes in a phonological system. Splits tend to be complex affairs which proceed in stages. The following simple example is hypothetical, but not implausible. Suppose a language has &hellip; <a href=\"http:\/\/blogjam.name\/sid\/?page_id=5172\">Continue reading <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":215,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/blogjam.name\/sid\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5172"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/blogjam.name\/sid\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/blogjam.name\/sid\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/blogjam.name\/sid\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/blogjam.name\/sid\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=5172"}],"version-history":[{"count":9,"href":"http:\/\/blogjam.name\/sid\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5172\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5955,"href":"http:\/\/blogjam.name\/sid\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5172\/revisions\/5955"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/blogjam.name\/sid\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/215"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/blogjam.name\/sid\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=5172"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}