{"id":5881,"date":"2013-04-16T12:43:10","date_gmt":"2013-04-16T11:43:10","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blogjam.name\/sid\/?page_id=5881"},"modified":"2016-04-06T11:26:53","modified_gmt":"2016-04-06T10:26:53","slug":"r-colouring","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"http:\/\/blogjam.name\/sid\/?page_id=5881","title":{"rendered":":Rcolouring:"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>r-colouring has the acoustic effect of lowering the <a href=\"http:\/\/blogjam.name\/sid\/?page_id=824\">frequency <\/a>of the third <a href=\"http:\/\/blogjam.name\/sid\/?page_id=492\">formant<\/a>, as can be seen in the diagram below.  This is an utterance consisting of the <a href=\"http:\/\/blogjam.name\/sid\/?page_id=578\">vowel <\/a><span style=\"color: navy;\"><strong>\u025c<\/strong><\/span> to which r-colouring is added at about 0.7s on the time scale.  The third formant frequency descends from approximately 2.4kHz to approximately 1.6kHz<br \/>\n<center><img src=\"rhotacise.JPG\" alt=\"\" \/><\/center><br \/>\nThis effect can be achieved in a number of ways.  Perhaps most commonly the vowel is accompanied by the raising and retraction of the tongue tip.  Another way is to bunch the back of the tongue.<\/p>\n<p>r-colouring is symbolised either by adding a hook to left of the vowel symbol as in <span style=\"color: navy;\"><strong>\u025d<\/strong><\/span> or by adding a superscript as in <span style=\"color: navy;\"><strong>\u025c\u02b4<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>r-colouring is a feature of a number of varieties of North American English.  Typically speakers have r-colouring for the vowels <span style=\"color: navy;\"><strong>\u0259<\/strong><\/span> and <span style=\"color: navy;\"><strong>\u025c<\/strong><\/span> only.  For American speakers it usually occurs in words where the vowel is followed by &lt;r&gt; in the spelling.  An example is the word <em>further<\/em> <span style=\"color: navy;\"><strong>\u02c8f\u025d\u00f0\u025a<\/strong><\/span>.  Some speakers also have an r-coloured version of <span style=\"color: navy;\"><strong>\u0251<\/strong><\/span> as in <em>card<\/em> <span style=\"color: navy;\"><strong>k\u0251\u02b4d<\/strong><\/span>.<\/p>\n<hr>\n<p>Also called <strong>rhotacisation<\/strong>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>r-colouring has the acoustic effect of lowering the frequency of the third formant, as can be seen in the diagram below. This is an utterance consisting of the vowel \u025c to which r-colouring is added at about 0.7s on the &hellip; <a href=\"http:\/\/blogjam.name\/sid\/?page_id=5881\">Continue reading <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":213,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/blogjam.name\/sid\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5881"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/blogjam.name\/sid\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/blogjam.name\/sid\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/blogjam.name\/sid\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/blogjam.name\/sid\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=5881"}],"version-history":[{"count":36,"href":"http:\/\/blogjam.name\/sid\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5881\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6127,"href":"http:\/\/blogjam.name\/sid\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5881\/revisions\/6127"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/blogjam.name\/sid\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/213"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/blogjam.name\/sid\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=5881"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}